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目的了解北京市房山区流行性腮腺炎发病特征和流行趋势,为控制措施调整提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对房山区2011-2014年流行性腮腺炎病例发病时间分布、地区分布和人群分布进行分析,并总结病例临床特征及并发症。结果房山区2011-2013年流行性腮腺炎发病率呈下降趋势,2014年有所上升。15岁以下儿童病例较多(66.79%)。男性发病明显高于女性。春夏季为房山区流行性腮腺炎发病高峰,其中3~8月为高发月份,病例占64.30%。发病地区以人口密集、集体机构多、人员流动性大的乡镇较多。所有病例中,有疫苗接种史者52.61%;无疫苗接种史者23.51%,疫苗接种史不详者23.88%。对患者感染来源调查发现,以学校接触感染多见。结论加强学校防病工作管理是当前控制流行性腮腺炎发病的工作重点。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic trend of mumps in Fangshan district of Beijing and provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of control measures. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the time distribution, geographical distribution and population distribution of mumps cases in Fangshan District from 2011 to 2014 and to summarize the clinical features and complications. Results The prevalence of mumps in Fangshan District decreased from 2011 to 2013 and increased in 2014. More children under the age of 15 cases (66.79%). The incidence of men was significantly higher than that of women. Spring and summer peak incidence of mumps in Fangshan District, of which 3 to 8 months for the high incidence of months, cases accounted for 64.30%. The incidence of areas to densely populated, collective institutions and more mobility of large towns. In all cases, there was 52.61% of the vaccination history; 23.51% of those without vaccination history and 23.88% of the unknown history of vaccination. Investigation of the source of the patient’s infection found that school-based infection is more common. Conclusion Strengthening the management of school disease prevention is the key point of the current control of the incidence of mumps.