一、历史的回顾物质微粒在流体介质(液体或气体)中呈现的布朗运动,是分子物理学中一个古老而又重要的问题,通过对它的研究,可使人们从中窥探极为丰富和奥秘的微观世界。同时,其研究的成果,为分子运动论提供了有力的证据,在技术领域中也产生了重大的影响。布朗运动于一八二七年由英国植物动物学家罗拔·布朗在用显微镜观察溶液中的花粉时无意发现的。最初他认为这是有生命的微粒所 I. Historical Review The Brownian motion of matter particles in a fluid medium (liquid or gas) is an ancient and important issue in molecular physics. Through its research, people can peep into the richness and mystery. Microcosm. At the same time, the results of its research have provided strong evidence for the theory of molecular movement and have also had a major impact in the field of technology. The Brown movement was inadvertently discovered in 1872 by British zoologist Robert Brown when he observed the pollen in solution with a microscope. Initially, he thought it was a living particle