类比方法是中学物理中最基本的研究方法之一。中学物理教材在处理一些比较抽象的内容时,多处采用了类比方法,比如,将电势差与高度差类比,电势能与重力势能类比,等势面与等高线类比,电容器与水容器类比等。在物理教学中适当使用类比方法,可以使学生更好地获取和领会知识,还能使学生形成类比思维能力。 Analogy is one of the most basic research methods in middle school physics. When dealing with some of the more abstract texts, the physics textbooks for secondary schools use analogy methods in many places. For example, analogy between potential difference and height difference, analogy between potential energy and gravitational potential energy, analogy between equipotential surface and contours, analogy between capacitor and water container, etc. . Appropriate use of analogy in physics teaching can make students better acquire and understand knowledge, but also enable students to form analogical thinking ability.