一、概论: 自1966年Flangan首先对先天性无胸腺小鼠——裸鼠(Nude Mice)进行研究以来,至今科学家们已开发出许多免疫功能缺陷的动物模型,其中包括:B细胞缺陷小鼠,NK细胞缺陷小鼠,无胸腺大鼠(裸大鼠Nude Rat),胸腺功能缺陷豚鼠等。这类动物,特别是裸小鼠在免疫学、肿瘤学及生物医学其它领域的研究方面,已得到日益广泛的应用。由于免疫缺陷动物极易感染 I. INTRODUCTION: Since 1966, when Flangan first conducted a study on the innate athymic mouse Nude Mice, many animal models of immune deficiency have been developed to date, including: B cell-deficient mice , NK cell-deficient mice, athymic rats (nude rat), thymus-deficient guinea pigs and the like. Such animals, especially nude mice, have been increasingly used in the fields of immunology, oncology and other fields of biomedicine. Due to immunodeficiency animals vulnerable to infection