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一、概述 Dale和Laidlaw(1910,1911)最早观察到组织胺(Histamine,HA)的药理作用,并发现此作用与过敏反应极其相似。1927年Best,Dale,Dudley和Thorpc等从新鲜的肝和肺组织中提取出组织胺,证明组织胺是存在于体内的天然成分,此后在其它组织中也发现了组织胺。1937年即发现抗组织胺药能特异性地拮抗组织胺的部分药理作用,如能保护豚鼠对抗各种致死剂量的组织胺;拮抗组织胺引起的多种平滑肌痉挛以及非常明显地减轻过敏性休克的症状。并因此推测在一些器官和组织中存在组织胺受体。Ash和Schiled(1966)证明,一些已知的抗组织胺药不能对抗组织胺引起的胃酸分泌和大鼠子宫抑制,并把参与这些反应的组织胺受体定为“非H_1型”
I. Overview Dale and Laidlaw (1910,1911) first observed the histamine (Histamine, HA) pharmacological effects and found that the role and allergic reactions are very similar. In 1927 Best, Dale, Dudley and Thorpc and other extracted from fresh liver and lung tissue histamine, histamine that histamine is found in the body’s natural components, since then found in other tissues histamine. 1937 found that antihistamines can specifically antagonize some of the pharmacological effects of histamine, such as protection of guinea pigs against various lethal doses of histamine; histamine antagonist antagonist a variety of smooth muscle spasm and very significantly reduce anaphylactic shock Symptoms. And therefore speculated that there are histamine receptors in some organs and tissues. Ash and Schiled (1966) demonstrated that some known antihistamines failed to counteract histamine-induced gastric acid secretion and uterine inhibition in rats and identified histamine receptors involved in these responses as “non-H 1”