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为探讨不同活力玉米种子田间发芽成苗率存在明显差异的生理原因,测定了不同环境条件下玉米种子发芽期间蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶的活性.结果表明,种子活力对玉米籽粒蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶活性的影响因发芽环境条件而异.高活力种子胚乳的蛋白酶活性在较低的温度下发芽比低活力种子的高,且在不同温度条件下的变化较小.胚乳蛋白酶活性在10℃和25℃下的比值与种子活力密切相关.玉米种子胚中蛋白酶的活性比胚乳的高,且高活力种子胚的蛋白酶活性较高.α-淀粉酶的活动开始于吸水约5h时的种子中,发芽5～6d时活性达最高.在10℃发芽时,高活力种子α-淀粉酶活性显著地高于低活力种子,但在25℃发芽时两者差异不显著.在不良环境条件下发芽,玉米种子的蛋白酶活性增高,α-淀粉酶的活性降低.高活力种子的蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶的稳定性和协调性较好.
In order to explore the physiological reasons for the significant differences in seedling emergence rate between different vigor corn seeds, the activity of protease and α-amylase during the germination of maize seeds under different environmental conditions was determined. The results showed that seed vigor had significant effects on the activity of corn grain protease and α-starch The effect of the enzyme activity on the germination environment was different.The activity of protease in high-vigor seed endosperm was higher than that of low-vigor seed at lower temperature and less change under different temperature conditions.The protease activity of endosperm increased at 10 ℃ and The ratio of 25 ℃ is closely related to seed vigor.The activity of protease in maize seed embryos is higher than that of endosperm and the protease activity of high vigor seed embryos is higher.The activity of α-amylase begins in the seeds when the water absorption is about 5h, When germinated at 10 ℃, the activity of α-amylase of high-vigor seed was significantly higher than that of low-vigor seed, but the difference was not significant when germinated at 25 ℃ .When germinated under adverse environmental conditions, The protease activity of maize seeds increased, the activity of α-amylase decreased, and the stability and coordination of protease and α-amylase of high-vigor seeds were better.