在企业组织的形成过程中,除了有形的、法定的或外现的契约关系外,还存在无形的、非正规的或内隐的契约关系,这种契约关系对于企业制度激励的有效性具有特殊重要的意义。而企业作为一种不同于一般市场契约的特别“不完全”合约,其特别之处恰在于此:正是由于存在大量无形的、非正规的或内隐的契约关系,才使企业合约具有特殊的“不完全性”。 内隐契约之所以能够实际形成并发挥防范“机会主义”、降低“代理成本”的重要作用,主要原因是存在一种“声誉”激励机制。关于“声誉”(Reputation)的精神激励作用,管理学家、 In the process of forming an enterprise organization, in addition to the tangible, statutory or extrinsic contractual relationship, there are intangible, informal or implicit contractual relationships that have special effects on the effectiveness of the incentive system in the enterprise Significance. As a special “imperfect” contract different from the general market contract, the special situation of a firm lies precisely in this: It is precisely because there are a large number of invisible, informal or implicit contractual relationships that make the contract of the enterprise special The “incompleteness”. The reason why implicit contracts can actually form and play an important role in preventing “opportunism” and reducing “agency costs” is mainly due to the existence of a “reputation” incentive mechanism. With regard to the spiritual motivation of “reputation,” management scientists,