真理包含在认识过程的本身中。人们把握真理经历着一个从相对走向绝对的辩证发展过程,通过实践从感性认识能动地飞跃到理性认识,又从理性认识能动地飞跃到革命实践。通过实践发展真理,又通过实践证明真理,发展真理。我国古代人民就是在坚持真理、修正错误的辩证发展过程中,不断提高对防洪的认识及其经验的总结的。“汤汤洪水方割,荡荡怀山襄陵;浩浩滔天,下民其咨” (《尚书、尧典》)。面对滔天的洪水,太古时期的野蛮人靠葫芦、瓜、木鼓、木箱之类的轻浮物体的浮载逃避洪水的吞噬。当时人们还过着渔猎的生活,对自然界的占有程度非常低,除自己的生命之外,几乎没有其他东西需要保护。对人们威胁最大的与其说是洪水,倒不如说是毒蛇猛兽的侵害和猎取物的不足以充饥。洪水来了避开了事。载物浮逃或“择丘陵而处之”(《谁南子》)是野蛮人对付洪水的有效办法。这种避水方式,是当时低下生产力的反 Truth is contained in the process of cognition itself. People grasp the truth and experience a dialectical development process from relative to absolute. Through practice, they actively jump from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and from rational knowledge to active revolution. Through the development of truth through practice, truth is proved through practice and truth is developed. In the process of dialectical development that adhered to the truth and corrected errors, the people of ancient China continuously improved their understanding of flood prevention and their experience. “Tang Tang flood cuts, swaying Huaishan Luling; vast Haotian, under the people’s advice” (“Shang Shu, Yan Code”). In the face of the floods of the sky, the barbarians of the Archaic period escaped the engulfing of floodwaters by floating on frivolous objects such as gourds, melons, wooden drums, and wooden boxes. At that time people were still living in fishing and hunting, and their possession of nature was very low. In addition to their own lives, there was almost nothing to protect. It is not so much a flood as to threaten people. It would be better to say that it is a poisonous beast and a hunting animal that is not enough to satisfy the hunger. The flood came to avoid things. Floatation or “choosing hills and hills” (“Whose Son”) is an effective way for barbarians to deal with floods. This way of avoiding water is the opposite of low productivity at that time.