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碳纳米多孔宏观体是指由碳纳米材料自组装形成的宏观多孔材料。该材料保持了碳纳米材料大的比表面积及化学、热稳定性,对水体中的污染物,如油污、染料分子及重金属离子等具有良好的吸附性能。此外,该类材料具有宏观结构及稳定的机械性能,方便操作,且易实现所吸附物的回收及吸附材料的再生。因此,碳纳米多孔宏观体成为碳纳米材料研究和应用的热点。本文梳理了碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备及其在水处理中的应用,包括碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备、污染物吸附及材料再生等。首先对碳纳米多孔宏观体用于水体净化的背景进行了介绍,之后,按照组成单元不同,将碳纳米多孔宏观体按照碳纳米管多孔宏观体,石墨烯多孔宏观体,碳纳米纤维多孔宏观体及碳纳米粒子多孔宏观体进行了分类。第三部分,详细介绍了制备碳纳米多孔宏观体的三种常见方法并分别讨论了各种方法的优缺点及所制备产物的性质。第四部分,按照不同污染物种类讲述了碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体净化中的应用。最后,针对碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体吸附应用中存在的问题进行了分析及展望。
Carbon Nanoporous Macroscopic Body refers to the macroscopic porous material formed by the self-assembly of carbon nanomaterials. The material maintains a large specific surface area and chemical and thermal stability of carbon nanomaterials, and has good adsorption properties on pollutants in water such as oil stains, dye molecules and heavy metal ions. In addition, this kind of material has a macrostructure and stable mechanical properties, easy to operate, and easy to achieve the recovery of adsorbed material and adsorbent material regeneration. Therefore, the carbon nano-porous macro-body become carbon nano-materials research and application of hot spots. In this paper, the preparation of carbon nano-porous macrostructure and its application in water treatment are reviewed, including preparation of macroporous carbon nano-porous body, adsorption of pollutants and material regeneration. Firstly, the background of carbon nano-porous macroscopic body for water purification was introduced. After that, the carbon nano-porous macroscopic body was treated according to the compositional units. According to the carbon nano-porous macrostructure, graphene porous macrostructure and carbon nanofiber porous macrostructure And porous carbon macromolecules were classified. In the third part, three common methods for preparing carbon nano-porous macroscopic bodies are introduced in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and the properties of the prepared products are discussed separately. In the fourth part, the application of carbon nano-porous macroscopic body in water purification is described according to different pollutant types. Finally, the problems existing in the application of carbon nano-porous macroscopic body in water adsorption are analyzed and prospected.