当前,我国城市缺房户高达总住户的三分之一。小城镇与农村缺房的情况没有全面的统计资料,但估计大体上与城市情况相近似。几年来,党中央拨乱反正,已经把满足人民衣食住行的基本生活需要,提到经济发展战略的高度来考虑。因此,无论从当前急迫需要看,还是从四个现代化发展的长远需要看,住宅建设都有十分重大的意义。但是目前在我国,对于住宅问题的复杂性和艰巨性的认识,还是很不够的。这是由于几十年来,我们对这个问题在实践中重视不够,在理论上缺乏系统深入的科学研究,许多问题至今所知甚少,有关国际上的情况是如此,关于国情的了解,也是如此。这就难免离开科学的客观规律而老碰各种钉子。全面、系统地研究住宅建设问题,可以从社会需求、经济能力、技术手段以及方针政策四个方面入手。社会需求是住宅问题的客观反映,它是研究住宅建设问题的出发点与归宿即目标。这个方面的研究,要回答居住条件在数量、质量方面的现状,以及今后(包括三五年的近期与十年二十年的长期)需求的预测。经济能力,是对社会需求的能否满足起制约作用的基本因素。这个方面,要从宏观上研究国家的经济能力能够分配到住宅建设上的适当比例,并从微观上研究与国民收入相适应的每户住宅的平均建筑标准。技术手段,是在一定的社会需求,可能的经济能力和资源条件下,选择实现预期目标的适当途径,包括规划设计的原则、标准,以及住宅建筑生产过程的技术抉择等等。方针政策,则是要把以上三个方面的因素加以综合。据以确定住宅建设的指导原则和奋斗目标,并制定付诸实施的方案与措施,以及建立相应的组织机构和拟订必要的法律、法规等等。笔者拟就上述四个方面的问题,进行一些探讨。着重介绍国际上的一些动态,做法,观点,理论,也联系我国当前在这些方面所存在的问题做一点议论。打算分四篇来写。这是第一篇。 At present, the lack of households in urban areas in China is as high as one third of the total households. There are no comprehensive statistics on the situation of missing houses in small towns and rural areas, but it is estimated that they are roughly similar to the urban situation. Over the past few years, the Party Central Committee has set things up in chaos and has considered the basic living needs of the people in terms of food, clothing, housing, and shelter, and has referred to the height of the economic development strategy. Therefore, regardless of the current urgent needs, or from the long-term needs of the four modernization developments, residential construction has a very important significance. However, at present in our country, the understanding of the complexity and arduousness of the housing problem is still not enough. This is due to the fact that we have not paid enough attention to this issue in practice in the past few decades. We lack systematic and in-depth scientific research in theory. Many issues are still poorly understood. This is relevant to the international situation. It is also true that we understand the national conditions. . This will inevitably leave the scientific objective laws and old nails. To comprehensively and systematically study the issue of housing construction, we can start from four aspects: social needs, economic capabilities, technical means, and policies. Social demand is an objective reflection of the housing problem. It is the starting point and destination of the study of housing construction. The research in this area needs to answer the current status of residential conditions in terms of quantity and quality, as well as the forecast of future needs (including the short-term in the next 35 years and the 10-year decade and 20 years). Economic ability is the basic factor that can satisfy the constraints of social needs. In this regard, it is necessary to study from a macro level that the country’s economic capacity can be allocated to an appropriate proportion of residential construction, and micro-level studies should be conducted on the average building standard of each household that is compatible with national income. Technical means are the appropriate ways to achieve the desired goals under certain social needs, possible economic capabilities and resources, including the principles and standards of planning and design, as well as technical choices in the production process of residential buildings. Policy and policy are to integrate the above three factors. It is determined that the guiding principles and goals for the construction of residential buildings should be determined, and the plans and measures for implementation should be formulated, as well as the establishment of appropriate organizational structures and the formulation of necessary laws and regulations. The author intends to conduct some discussions on the above four issues. It focuses on introducing some of the international dynamics, practices, viewpoints, and theories as well as talking about China’s current problems in these areas. It is intended to be written in four parts. This is the first article.