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1986年对中国八个主要大城市(北京、哈尔滨、西安、南京、上海、武汉、福州、昆明)167,065名儿童进行单纯性肥胖症流行病学调查。以“中国相对营养良好人群身高标准体重值”为标准,大于20％者为肥胖(除外继发性肥胖)。总检出率为0.91％(男性0.93％,女性0.90％)。北方高1.76％,南方低0.42％。生后0～3月和4～5岁出现单纯肥胖症的两个检出高峰。 人工喂养、过早添加固体食物(生后1～2个月内)、断奶早及过量喂养是促进肥胖形成的一种喂养模式。主食量和肉食量高,水果量低,室内活动量少是形成单纯肥胖的一种生活模式。低收入家庭是今后一段时期内持续产生肥胖儿童的一个来源,家长的动机因素对肥胖儿的超量喂养起着重要影响。溺爱是一个不可忽视的因素。我国传统的重男轻女的社会习俗和某些文化观念(如过度约束儿童活动)是造成男童重度肥胖检出率高的一个不可低估的动机因素。 在我国目前经济、文化和卫生保健水平下,出生体重对年长期单纯肥胖症形成的予告意义相对较低。单纯肥胖症对学龄前期儿童血压升高的子告意义不大。 作者认为单纯肥胖症已构成我国儿童生长发育中一个值得注意的健康问题。应加强对人群营养学知识、科学喂养和合理的生活安排的指导教育。
In 1986, an epidemiological survey of simple obesity in 167,065 children from eight major cities in China (Beijing, Harbin, Xi’an, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Fuzhou and Kunming) was conducted. According to the standard value of body height of relative well-nourished people in China, more than 20% are obese except secondary obesity. The overall detection rate was 0.91% (0.93% for males and 0.90% for females). 1.76% in the north and 0.42% in the south. Postpartum 0 to March and 4 to 5 years old appeared simple obesity two detected peak. Artificial feeding, premature addition of solid food (1 to 2 months after birth), early weaning and overfeeding is to promote the formation of a feeding mode of obesity. Staple food and meat consumption is high, the amount of fruit is low, indoor activity is a form of simple obesity lifestyle. Low-income families are a source of sustained obesity for some time to come. Parents’ motivational factors have an important impact on overfeeding obese children. Doted love is a factor that can not be ignored. The traditional patriarchal social customs and certain cultural values in our country (such as over-constrained children’s activities) are a non-underestimated motivational factor that contributes to the high prevalence of severe obesity in boys. At present, China’s economic, cultural and health care levels, birth weight on the formation of long-term simple obesity has a relatively low meaning. Simple obesity on preschool children’s blood pressure is not meaningful. The author believes that simple obesity has constituted a notable health problem in the growth and development of children in our country. Guidance should be given to nutrition knowledge of the population, scientific feeding and reasonable living arrangements.