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艺术的古典主义时期,狭义地说,是指浪漫主义之前从巴赫去世的1750年算起,直至西班牙画家戈雅逝世的1828年为止;这一时期被1789年法国大革命拦腰截成两半。古典主义因大革命浪潮的冲击而发生的变化,在法国画家大卫和德国作曲家贝多芬的创作中有着最生动的反映。十八世纪下半叶,作为产生古典主义的基础的法国中央集权君主制度已经日薄西山,而启蒙运动的智慧之光却散布得越来越广。古典主义所强调的规范和法则,诸如崇高的题材,纯洁的语言,均衡的形式以及保持风雅、审慎与节制的情结表达等,依然在起作用,
The classical period of art, narrowly speaking, refers to romanticism from the 1750s before Bach’s death until the Spanish artist Goya’s death in 1828; this period was cut in half by the French Revolution of 1789. The changes that took place in classicalism due to the impact of the Great Revolution have the most vivid reflection on the works of French painter David and German composer Beethoven. In the second half of the eighteenth century, the French centralized sovereignty, which formed the basis of classicalism, was on the wane and the light of wisdom of the Enlightenment was spreading more and more widely. The norms and laws emphasized by classicism, such as sublime themes, pure language, balanced forms and expressions of elegance, prudence and temperance, still work,