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详细介绍了苦荞刚开花朵人工去雄授粉法,并采用该方法以具有薄壳无沟槽特性的小米荞和米荞1号为母本,分别与厚果壳有沟槽的晋荞麦2号、黔苦5号进行有性杂交,成功获得了杂种及其后代F2植株群体。发现小米荞/晋荞麦2号、米荞1号/黔苦5号的杂种植株均表现为父本的厚壳有沟槽、果壳不开裂特性,说明苦荞厚壳有沟槽性状为显性遗传。对其中4个F2群体厚壳和薄壳特性的分离进行统计分析发现,厚壳特性(thick shell,基因符号用T表示)为显性单基因遗传模式,隐性纯合基因型(tt)将表现为薄壳特性。从平均水平看,各F2群体薄壳型植株的千粒重和单株产量极显著低于厚壳型植株。薄壳型苦荞植株的千粒重比厚壳型苦荞低33%~43%,而单株产量低26%~40%。薄壳特性与低千粒重和低单株产量呈极显著的相关性,与株高和株粒数没有明显的相关性。研究还发现,薄壳型植株千粒重变异幅度的最大值可以接近厚壳苦荞的平均水平,而单株产量变幅的最大值可以达到厚壳苦荞平均水平的2倍以上。上述分析表明,通过杂交育种等方法,可使薄壳苦荞的产量接近或达到常规厚壳苦荞水平。
This paper introduced the method of manual dehumidification pollination of the blooming flower of tartary buckwheat in detail, and using the method, millet buckwheat and rice buckwheat No. 1 with thin shell without groove as female parent, No. Guizhou Qian bit 5 for sexual cross, successfully obtained hybrids and their offspring F2 plant population. It was found that millet buckwheat / Jin buckwheat 2, rice buckwheat 1 / Guizhou bitter 5 hybrid plants showed a thick shell of the male parent groove, shell non-cracking characteristics of tartary buckwheat shell shows that the groove was significant Sexual inheritance. Statistical analysis of the separation of the thick and thin shells of four F2 populations revealed that the thick shell (gene symbol T) was a dominant single-gene inheritance pattern and the recessive homozygote (tt) The performance of the shell characteristics. From the average, the 1000-grain weight and yield per plant of the F2-shell thin-shell plants were significantly lower than those of the thick-shell plants. The 1000-grain weight of the shell-type tartary buckwheat is 33% -43% lower than that of the shell-thick tartary buckwheat, while the yield per plant is 26% -40% lower. There was a significant correlation between shell characteristics and low 1000-grain weight and low single-plant yield, but no significant correlation with plant height and grain number. The study also found that the maximum value of 1000-kernel weight variation amplitude of thin-walled plants can be close to the average level of hard-shell buckwheat, while the maximum amplitude of single-plant yield can reach more than twice the average level of hard-shell buckwheat. The above analysis shows that the yield of thin-shell buckwheat can approach or reach the level of conventional hard-shell buckwheat through methods such as crossbreeding.