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21世纪人类面临的两大安全威胁是环境变化的影响和核武器的危害,北极因其独特的地理位置而经受着这样的考验。2007年加拿大帕格沃什组织倡议建立北极无核武器区,引起了世人的广泛关注。虽然核军备控制条约和联合国大会决议等法律制度为建立北极无核武器区提供了国际法基础,但北极无核武器区的建立涉及多边条约的缔结和生效,以及各参与主体的义务和责任等问题。中国作为北半球的核武器国家,同样具有国际法和国内法依据参与北极地区的安全治理。基于此,当前可以结合《特拉特洛尔科条约》和《拉罗汤加条约》等已有经验,从北极国家和非北极国家两种不同视角探讨建立北极无核武器区的具体路径。
The two major security threats facing humankind in the 21st century are the impact of environmental changes and the dangers of nuclear weapons. The Arctic has stood the test of its unique geographical location. In 2007, the Pugwash Organization of Canada proposed the establishment of the Arctic nuclear-weapon-free zone, arousing widespread concern worldwide. Although legal systems such as the Nuclear Weapons Control Treaty and the UN General Assembly Resolution provide the basis for international law for the establishment of Arctic nuclear-weapon-free zones, the establishment of Arctic nuclear-weapon-free zones involves the conclusion and entry into force of multilateral treaties and the obligations and responsibilities of all participating parties. As a nuclear weapon state in the northern hemisphere, China also has the international and domestic laws to participate in the security administration in the Arctic. Based on this, it is currently possible to explore the specific path for establishing an Arctic nuclear-weapon-free zone from two different perspectives, Arctic countries and non-Arctic countries, in combination with the existing experience of the Treaty of Tlatelolco and the Treaty of Rarotonga.