石英、长石是黄土中含量最多的矿物。碳酸盐类矿物(主要是方解石)既是黄土中重要的碎屑矿物,又是最主要的胶结物之一。在表生环境中这三类矿物有着十分不同的地球化学行为。石英是坚硬、稳定、难风化的。长石是不那么稳定、较易风化的。方解石是水溶性的,容易被淋溶。不少研究者曾从石英颗粒的表面形态和结构来探讨黄土的成因~([1-3])。 Quartz, feldspar is the most abundant minerals in the loess. Carbonate minerals (mainly calcite) are not only important detrital minerals in loess, but also one of the most important cements. These three types of minerals have very different geochemical behavior in epigenetic environments. Quartz is hard, stable and weather-resistant. Feldspar is less stable and weathering. Calcite is water-soluble, easily leached. Many researchers have explored the origin of loess from the surface morphology and structure of quartz grains ~ ([1-3]).