小麦秆、叶锈菌生理小种研究在国内已有三、四十年的历史,对监测病原物的组成、变化和分布提供了大量的资料;为病害流行预测、抗病性鉴定及培育抗病品种提供了科学依据。从50年代起,各主要锈病研究国家先后将锈菌生理小种消长和抗源变异的研究建立在基因的基础上。各国所采用的方法是利用含有单抗基因的近等基因系(near-isogenie line)作为监别寄主来研究寄主和病原物的相互关系。加拿大自1956年、澳大利亚自1963年、美国自1972年先后改用单基因系鉴定小麦锈菌。本文总结了1988 Wheat stalk and leaf rust race have been in China for three decades and 40 years. They provide a great deal of information for monitoring the composition, variation and distribution of pathogens. They are used to forecast epidemic diseases, identify disease resistance and cultivate disease resistance Variety provides a scientific basis. Since the 1950s, the major rust research countries have successively established the gene based on the growth and decline of rust races. The approach adopted in various countries is to study the relationship between host and pathogen using the near-isogenie line containing the MAb gene as a host for the monitoring. Canada Since 1956, Australia since 1963, the United States since 1972 has switched to a single gene line identified rust wheat rust. This article summarizes 1988