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教育工作者理想状态下的课堂是活跃的、学生是主动的,是灵动的小鸟。然而,现实情境却大都不是这样的。教师和家长的抱怨表明:中学生学习的主动性普遍不高。中学生的环境适应力、小学阶段形成的学习习惯和知识基础是影响中学生学习主动性的内部因素。家长和教师的教育方法,以及家长、教师、社会对中学生提供的外部支持,是影响中学生主动性学习的外部因素。这里的外部支持包括对学生提供的资源性支持、行为性支持、精神性支持三种类型。
Educators’ ideal class is active, students are active, and they are smart birds. However, most of the real situations are not like this. The complaints of teachers and parents show that the initiative of middle school students is generally not high. The environmental adaptability of middle school students, the learning habits formed in the primary school and the knowledge base are internal factors that affect the learning initiative of middle school students. Parents and teachers’ education methods, as well as external support provided by parents, teachers, and society to middle school students, are external factors that affect the active learning of middle school students. The external support here includes three types of resource support, behavioral support, and spiritual support for students.