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随着反舰导弹技术的飞速发展,现代舰艇受到的空中威胁越来越大,1982年英阿马岛战争中,英军“谢菲尔德”号驱逐舰被“飞鱼”导弹击沉事件,进一步说明现代反舰导弹能突破各层防御进入末段,对舰艇的生存构成了直接的威胁。为了对付反舰导弹多方向、多批次的饱和攻击,必须采取软防御和硬防御等多种对抗手段。软防御是采用电子干扰、电子对抗等手段,硬防御即是利用机载或舰载防空导弹、近程反导武器系统对来袭的导弹进行拦截。由于主战防空导弹在装舰(机)数量、发射频率以及“转火时间”等方面存在一些不足,难以做到对来袭导弹的百分之百拦截。因此由小口径舰炮和超近程防空导弹组成的近程反导武器系统(以下简称CIWS),可有效弥补其它舰载武器系统在近距离存在拦截死区的不足,成为水面舰艇反导的最后一道防线。因此,东、西方各海军强国均十分重视近程反导武器系统的开发与研制,并形成了多种系列,比较成熟的有十余种,现以东方有代表性的近程武器系统与西方海军强国有代表性的系统进行简要的对比与介绍。
With the rapid development of anti-ship missile technology, the airborne threats posed by modern ships have been increasing. In the 1982 British Armama War, the destroyer of the British “Sheffield” was destroned by “Flying Fish” missiles, further illustrating that modern Anti-ship missiles can penetrate all levels of defense and enter the final stage, posing a direct threat to the survival of the ship. In order to deal with the multi-directional and multi-batch saturation attacks of anti-ship missiles, various countermeasures such as soft defense and hard defense must be taken. Soft defense is the use of electronic interference, electronic countermeasures and other means, hard defense that is the use of airborne or carrier-based air defense missiles, short-range anti-missile weapons systems to intercept incoming missiles. Due to some shortcomings in the main air defense missile loading ship (aircraft), launch frequency and “turn the fire time”, it is difficult to achieve 100% interception of incoming missiles. Therefore, the short-range anti-missile weapon system (CIWS) composed of small-caliber naval guns and ultra-short range anti-aircraft missiles can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of other shipborne weapon systems in the presence of dead intercepts at close range and become the antimissile of the surface warships The last line of defense. Therefore, both the East and West naval powers attach great importance to the development and development of the short-range antimissile weapon system and have formed a series of more and more mature versions of more than 10 species. The modern representative short-range weapon system and the West A representative system of naval powerhouses is briefly compared and introduced.