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目的：了解内、外科住院患者感染主要病原菌的种类及对抗菌药物的敏感性，为临床合理使用抗菌药物以及预防和控制耐药菌的产生提供科学依据。方法收集山西医科大学第二医院2012年内、外科住院患者感染病原菌和药敏试验报告单。送检标本包括尿、血液、病变部位分泌物、痰、粪便、咽拭子、脑脊液等。应用细菌耐药性监测网提供的WHONET 5.5软件及SPSS16.0软件对原始数据进行分析，比较内、外科患者感染病原菌的分布情况以及不同来源病原菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感率。结果共分离到来源于4092例内、外科住院患者的非重复病原菌4268株，其中内科患者2182例2257株，外科患者1910例2011株。来源于内科患者的病原菌前5位依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和阴沟肠杆菌；来源于外科患者的病原菌前5位依次为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌。来源于内科患者的病原菌对抗菌药物的敏感率高于外科患者的有大肠埃希菌对头孢哌酮舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松及头孢呋辛[62.7%（271/432）比58.0%（202/348），65.5%（283/432）比55.5%（193/348），63.8%（275/431）比53.3%（185/347），41.8%（180/431）比34.4%（120/349），34.0%（146/430）比26.6%（93/349）]，阴沟肠杆菌对头孢吡肟[94.4%（151/160）比83.3%（140/168）]，铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星[92.2%（190/206）比86.1%（230/267）]，鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、环丙沙星及米诺环素[30.1%（31/103）比19.0%（41/216），29.7（30/101）比17.5%（38/217），19.4%（20/103）比10.8%（23/213），19.2%（19/99）比9.8%（20/204），23.2%（22/95）比11.1%（22/198）]，敏感率低于外科患者的有金黄色葡萄球菌对复方新诺明、庆大霉素及克林霉素[54.8%（40/73）比78.9%（71/90），50.0%（37/74）比71.3%（62/87），28.8%（21/73）比46.6%（41/88）]，肺炎克雷伯菌对左氧氟沙星[77.3%（269/348）比90.5%（239/264）]，铜绿假单胞菌对妥布霉素[81.8%（148/181）比88.7%（235/265）]。上述差异均有统计学意义（均P﹤0.05）。结论内科与外科患者感染病原菌的种类不同，来源于内、外科患者的同一种病原菌对同一种抗菌药物的敏感性也不同，临床医生应结合药敏试验结果，合理使用抗菌药物。“,”Objective To understand the species and susceptibility of pathogens isolated from patients hospitalized in Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, and provide scientific basis for reasonable application of antibacterials and prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods The pathogen isolation and drug sensitive test reports were collected from inpatients in Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery in Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in 2012. The specimens included urine,blood,secretions,sputum,feces,throat swabs,cerebrospinal fluid,and so on. The original data were analyzed by WHONET 5. 5 and SPSS 16. 0 software and the distribution and susceptibility of pathogensisolated from patients hospitalized in Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery were compared. Results A total of 4 268 strains of bacteria were isolated from 4 092 patients. Of them,2 257 strains were isolated from 2 182 patients in the Department of Internal Medicine and 2 011 were isolated from 1 910 patients in the Department of Surgery. The top 5 bacteria in Department of Internal Medicine were Escherichia coli,Klebsiellapneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Aerobacter cloacae. The top 5 bacteria in Department of Surgery were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiellapneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii,and Aerobacter cloacae. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some pathogens isolated from patients in Department of Internal Medicine were higher than that in Department of Surgery,they were as follows:Escherichia coli vs. cefoperazone/sulbactam,cefepime, ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,amd cefuroxime nitrofurantoin[62. 7%(271/432)vs. 58. 0%(202/348),65. 5%(283/432)vs. 55. 5%(193/348),63. 8%(275/431)vs. 53. 3%(185/347),41. 8%(180/431)vs. 34. 4%(120/349),34. 0%(146/430)vs. 26. 6%(93/349)];Enterobacter cloacae vs. cefepime[94. 4%(151/160)vs. 83. 3%(140/168)];Pseudomonas aeruginosa vs. amikacin[92. 2%(190/206)vs. 86. 1%( 230/267 )]; Acinetobacter baumannii vs. imipenem, meropenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ciprofloxacin,and minocycline[30. 1%(31/103)vs. 19. 0%(41/216),29. 7(30/101)vs. 17. 5%(38/217),19. 4%(20/103)vs. 10. 8%(23/213),19. 2%(19/99)vs. 9. 8%(20/204),23. 2%(22/95)vs. 11. 1%(22/198)]. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some pathogens isolated from patients in Department of Internal Medicine were lower than that in Department of Surgery,they were as follows:Staphylococcus aureus vs. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,gentamicin,clindamycin[54. 8%(40/73)vs. 78. 9%( 71/90 ),50. 0%( 37/74 ) vs. 71. 3%( 62/87 ),28. 8%( 21/73 ) vs. 46. 6%( 41/88 )];Klebsiella pneumoniae vs. levofloxacin [ 77. 3%( 269/348 ) vs. 90. 5%( 239/264 )], Pseudomonas aeruginosa vs. tobramycin[81. 8%(148/181)vs. 88. 7%(235/265)]. The differences above mentioned were statistically significant(all P﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions The species of bacteria isolated from patients in Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery are different and the susceptibility of the same kind of bacteria to the same kind of antibacterial agent is also different. Clinician should use antibacterials rationally according to the results of drug sensitivity tests.