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采用塑化松香作为岩石圈延性下层的相似材料,进行了板内塑性流动网络及多层构造变形的物理模拟实验。延性单层模型的实验表明,在边界挤压或“高原”重力势的作用下,依赖于延性层粘度的高低不同,主要形成剪切网络、压性褶皱以及二者过渡型式等一级构造。在延性/脆性双层模型中(脆性上层和延性下层分别相当于岩石圈上、下层),边界驱动力的远程传递,主要借助于延性下层的网络状流动,岩石圈下层(含下地壳和岩石圈地幔)的剪切网络,即塑性流动网络,控制着板内构造变形,导致脆性上层内剪切破裂网络、逆推断裂、纵向张裂以及其它次级断裂和褶皱的发育。实验还表明,上、下层之间非连续分布的软弱夹层(模拟壳内低速、高导层)并不妨碍下层塑性流动网络的扩展,但影响牵引力的向上传递及上层构造变形的强弱分布。
Using plasticized rosin as a similar material in the lower ductile lithosphere, a physical simulation experiment of plastic flow network and multi-layer structural deformation in the plate was conducted. The experiment of ductile single-layer model shows that the formation of shear network, compressive folds, and the first-order transitional structures are mainly dependent on the viscosity of the ductile layer under the influence of boundary extrusion or “plateau” gravity potential. In the ductile / brittle bilayer model (the upper brittle layer and the ductile lower layer correspond to the upper and lower layers of the lithosphere, respectively), the remote transmission of the boundary driving force mainly relies on the network-like flow in the lower ductile layer. The lower layer of the lithosphere, The mantle, the mantle) shear network, the plastic flow network, controls intraplate deformation, leading to shear fracture networks in the upper brittle layer, thrust thrust faults, longitudinal faults and other secondary faults and folds. Experiments also show that the discontinuous distribution of weak interlayer between the upper and lower layers (simulating the low velocity and high conductivity layer in the shell) does not prevent the expansion of the lower plastic flow network, but affects the upward transfer of traction and the distribution of the upper deformation.