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“动物源性感染性疾病”系指传染源和/或传播媒介为野生或圈养动物(包括兽类、畜类及鸟类等)的感染性疾病,多名以“人兽共患病”。其实,家畜和宠物不是野兽,鸟类更不属兽,故冠名欠实。“动物源性疾病”一词易误解为仅指传染源为动物的疾病,涵盖不全。“自然疫源性疾病”系以“自然疫源地学说”为依据的术语,广义适用,但依本义则对包括家畜家禽仍嫌费解。人和其它动物以及微生物都是“地球村”的“居民”。在相互依存的生活与进化过程中,关系不断演变,敌友不时转化,有时转益为害,有时变害为利;有的致病微生物毒力由强变弱,有的则由弱变强,还有的可能从无变有。研究如何将这种转化诱导变为有益于人,或于易感生物与寄生微生物彼此互利,必然是人类现实迫切而又长远艰巨的任务。候鸟飞禽扩大了疫区的范围,现代交通工具缩短了人员和物产的流动时间。这一局面,无疑增加了我们对此类疾病进行监测控制的困难。因此,加深对动物源性感染性疾病的认识,提高对其监控策略措施的贯彻力度,是当前紧迫的课题。本专辑选译自《日本臨》杂志2005年第63卷第12期,“動物由ウイルス感染症”专辑,由哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院姚桢教授审校。
“Infectious diseases of zoonotic origin” means infectious diseases of which source of infection and / or vectors are infectious diseases of wild or captive animals (including mammals, livestock and birds, etc.), more commonly known as “zoonoses”. In fact, livestock and pets are not beasts, birds are not even beast, so the title is not real. The term “animal-borne diseases” is misunderstood as covering only the diseases that are the source of infection for animals. The term “natural foci of disease” is a term based on the “doctrine of natural foci” and is generally applicable. However, according to the original meaning, it is still too puzzling to include domestic poultry. People and other animals and microbes are “residents” of the “global village.” In the course of interdependent life and evolution, the relationship evolves constantly, friends and foes transform from time to time, and sometimes benefit from harm. Sometimes they become harmful. Some virulence of pathogenic microorganisms weaken from strong to weak, while others change from weak to strong. Others may change from nothing. To study how to induce this transformation to be beneficial to people or to mutually benefit the susceptible and the parasitic microorganisms must be an urgent and long-term arduous task for humankind. Migratory birds expand the reach of affected areas, and modern modes of transport shorten the flow of people and property. This situation undoubtedly increases the difficulty of monitoring and controlling such diseases. Therefore, to deepen our understanding of animal-borne infectious diseases and to enhance the implementation of our surveillance strategies and measures is an urgent issue at present. This album is selected translated from “Japan Linqu” magazine in 2005 Volume 63, No. 12, “Animal by ウ Hikaru Su infection” album, Harbin Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital Professor Yao Zhen proofreading.