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酶是一种生物催化剂,它具有高度的专一性和很强的催化能力。在生物体内,正是由于大量的不同种类的酶的存在,才使得生物体内的代谢活动能够迅速而有条不紊地进行。所谓土壤酶,就是指由土壤微生物、植物根系和土壤中其它生物细胞产生的胞内酶和胞外酶的总称。土壤酶一般呈稳定态吸附在土壤胶体上。有的以游离态分布在土壤溶液里或附着在活的细胞上。土壤酶是土壤中生物活性最强的部分,它参与土壤中有机物质的分解、合成以及碳、氮、硫、磷等养分释放的全过程。凡是与土壤中的物质和能量转化有关的生物化学反应,都是在土壤酶的作用下完成的。因此,它对土壤的发生和发育及其有效养分的形成,对土壤肥力的演变,都起着重要的作用。
Enzymes are biocatalysts that have a high degree of specificity and strong catalytic activity. In the organism, it is precisely because of a large number of different kinds of enzymes that make the metabolic activity in the body can be quickly and methodically. The so-called soil enzymes, refers to by the soil microorganisms, plant roots and other biological cells in the soil to produce the intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes in general. Soil enzymes are generally stable adsorption of soil colloids. Some in the free state in the soil solution or attached to living cells. Soil enzyme is the strongest part of soil biological activity, which is involved in the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, synthesis and release of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and other nutrients throughout the process. All the biochemical reactions involved in the conversion of matter and energy in the soil are done under the action of soil enzymes. Therefore, it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of soil, the formation of its effective nutrients and the evolution of soil fertility.