凡因为能量(机械能、热能、化学能等)的传递或干扰超过人体的耐受性造成组织损伤,或窒息导致缺氧,影响正常活动,需要医治或看护,均称为伤害[1]。儿童由于其自身特点,是伤害容易发生的高危人群。研究表明,伤害是我国0～14岁儿童死亡的首要原因,占儿童总死亡的31.3%[2]。伤害因其高发生率和致残率给家庭和社会造成沉重负担,成为日益严重的卫生问题。为 All injuries and injuries are caused by tissue damage caused by the transfer of energy (mechanical energy, heat, chemical energy, etc.) that exceeds the tolerance of the human body, or by asphyxiation leading to hypoxia and affecting normal activities. Children because of their own characteristics, is vulnerable to high-risk groups prone to. Studies have shown that injury is the leading cause of death among children aged 0-14 years in China, accounting for 31.3% of the total deaths in children [2]. Injuries have become an increasingly serious health problem because of their high incidence of disability and their heavy burden on families and the community. for