一、前言在化工、宇航及原子能等工业中所用的球形压力容器上,或圆筒压力容器的球形封头上,由于各种需要,往往要开孔与圆柱形接管径向相连。计算和测试都表明,在内压作用下,与未开孔的球壳相比,由于接管的存在,使球壳与接管连接部位的经向和纬向应力都大为提高(图1)。球壳在未开孔时只承受薄膜应力。 I. INTRODUCTION In spherical pressure vessels used in industries such as chemical engineering, aerospace and atomic energy, etc., or on the spherical head of cylindrical pressure vessels, due to various needs, it is often necessary to bore holes radially connected to cylindrical receivers. Both the calculation and the test show that under the action of internal pressure, the warp and weft stresses of the joint between the shell and the joint are greatly increased (Fig. 1) due to the existence of the joint. The shell does not suffer from membrane stress when it is not open.