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我国宪法及三大诉讼法确立的“各民族公民有权使用本民族语言文字进行诉讼”的原则,在司法实践中存在诸多误解和偏差。应从诉权保障的视角,以司法知情权、程序参与权和司法公正为基准来确定诉讼语言的选择,而不宜以当事人族别为标准来配置法官和合议庭。少数民族语言文字在司法中的定位及少数民族当事人的诉权保障,对应的主要是司法机关国家给付义务的履行。也就是说,司法机关应当积极提供语言文字服务,在庭审中提供翻译人员,将判决书等司法文书翻译为少数民族语言文字等,以便实现有效的诉讼沟通,切实保障少数民族当事人的诉权。
Our country’s Constitution and the three major procedural laws have established the principle that “citizens of all ethnic groups have the right to use their own national languages for litigation.” There are many misunderstandings and deviations in judicial practice. The choice of litigation language should be based on the protection of litigation rights, judiciary’s right to know, procedural participation right and judicial fairness. It is not appropriate to allocate judges and collegial panels on the basis of the clan type. The minority language locates in the judicature and the protection of litigious rights of the minority parties, corresponding to the fulfillment of the obligation of the judiciary to pay. In other words, the judiciary should actively provide language services, provide translators during court hearings, and translate judicial documents such as verdicts into minority languages and the like in order to achieve effective litigation communication and effectively safeguard the rights of litigants of ethnic minorities.