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那场景我至今还记得清清楚楚。上世纪80年代初,里根政府在中美洲和格林纳达的古怪举动又一次使大学左翼分子活跃起来。一群人挤满了耶鲁大学的一所公共礼堂,坐在那里翻动着卷了角的依附理论的重要著作《拉丁美洲的依附和发展》,焦急地等待着。该书的作者之一、巴西社会学家费尔南多·亨利克·卡多索(FernandoHenrique Cardoso,后来的巴西总统)即将光临。卡多索那时是圣保罗的参议员,他出现在会场上时,身穿一套毫无瑕疵的蓝色服装,而有半数的与会者本来认为他会穿便服的。他对巴西的政治策略作了简短的演讲后,一位妇女率先提出问题:巴西不搞社会主义,民主制度是否意味着一切?卡多索回答道,是的,民主制就是一切。创建社会主义不再是关键问题,当前的主要任务是完善资本主义。坐在下面的学生用不信任的眼光看着他,不一会便纷纷涌出礼堂。
That scene I still remember clearly. In the early 1980s, the Reagan administration’s weird moves in Central America and Grenada once again activated the leftist elements of the university. A group of people packed in a public hall at Yale University, sitting there rolling the important theory of dependency theory, “Dependency and Development in Latin America,” anxiously awaited. One of the authors of the book, the Brazilian sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso (later President of Brazil), is coming soon. Cardoso, then a São Paulo senator, appeared in the venue wearing a flawless blue costume while half of the participants had supposed he would wear casual clothes. After a brief speech on Brazil’s political strategy, a woman spearheaded the question: Did not Brazil engage in socialism and did democracy mean anything? Cardoso replied, “Yes, democracy is everything.” Creating socialism is no longer the key issue. The current major task is to perfect capitalism. The students sitting below looked at him with no trust and soon came out of the auditorium.