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骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少、骨组织微结构破坏为特征,导致骨强度下降、骨脆性和骨折危险性增加的常见代谢性疾病。人们发现除骨密度外,骨质量(骨微结构、骨有机基质、矿物成分、微小损伤及修复状态)同样影响骨强度。对绝大多数人而言,骨组织的组成材料基本一致,故骨微结构成为评价骨质量的重要指标,目前关于其无创性检测成为研究热点。本文就应用超声、电子计算机断层扫描、磁共振以及有限元分析法进行骨微结构无创性检查方面的最新研究成果作一综述。
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of the microstructure of bone tissue, resulting in decreased bone strength, increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. In addition to bone density, it was found that bone mass (bone microstructure, organic bone matrix, mineral composition, minor damage, and repair status) also affects bone strength. For most people, the composition of bone tissue is basically the same, so the bone microstructure as an important indicator of bone quality assessment, the current non-invasive detection of its become a research hot spot. This review summarizes the latest research results on noninvasive detection of bone microarchitecture using ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and finite element analysis.