目的了解家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为的发生情况,为促进幼儿园及社区逐步建立儿童躯体虐待伤害早期预防、监测和干预机制提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对北京市西城区5所幼儿园小、中、大班3个年级全体儿童的家长进行无记名自填式问卷调查。结果在被调查的842名学龄前儿童家长中,最近1 a里,有65.2%的家长对孩子实施过躯体虐待,分别有34.1%和56.4%的家长实施过非接触性体罚和接触性躯体虐待伤害;轻度接触性躯体虐待发生率为55.8%,重度接触性躯体虐待发生率为8.7%。男童躯体虐待伤害报告率(69.4%)高于女童(59.8%)(χ2=7.5,P<0.01);有童年期受虐待经历的父母对子女的躯体虐待行为报告率(69.8%)明显高于童年期无受虐待经历的父母(49.7%)(χ2=34.1,P<0.01)。结论北京市西城区家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为较为普遍;男童、父母童年期受过虐待可能是学龄前儿童躯体虐待的危险因素。 Objective To understand the incidence of physical abuse by parents in preschool children and to provide reference for promoting the early prevention, monitoring and intervention mechanisms for the physical abuse of children in kindergartens and communities. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a secretarial and self-administered questionnaire to all parents of three grades of children in five kindergartens in Xicheng District, Beijing. Results Among the 842 preschool-aged parents surveyed, 65.2% of parents reported physical abuse to their children during the recent 1-year period, with 34.1% and 56.4% of parents having practiced non-contact physical and contact physical abuse Injuries; mild contact physical abuse was 55.8%, severe contact physical abuse was 8.7%. The reported rate of physical abuse by boys (69.4%) was higher than that of girls (59.8%) (χ2 = 7.5, P <0.01). The reporting rate of corporal abuse by children with childhood abuse history was significantly higher (69.8%) Parents who had no history of abuse in childhood (49.7%) (χ2 = 34.1, P <0.01). Conclusion Parents in Xicheng District, Beijing, are more likely to be physically abused by preschool children. Childhood abuse by boys and their parents may be a risk factor for physical abuse in preschool children.