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企业的规模是大好,还是小好?“船小好掉头”,“船大好远航”,真正是众说纷纭,令我们莫衷一是,新制度经济学首先从成本的角度来认识企业存在的原因和规模的人小,进而通过分析资产专用特性,从本质上解答了企业规模难题。新制度经济学认为资产具有5种专用性:地理专用性、物理专用性、劳动力专用性、用户专用性和商誉专用性。资产专用性强的企业愿意建造“航空母舰”,而资产专用性弱的企业更希望“企业减肥”。这决非空洞的理论推演,本文作者的实地调研很好地验证了这种观点。
The size of the business is good, or is it good? “The ship is a good turnaround” and “the boat is a good voyage” are really different opinions. What we do not agree with one another is that the new institutional economics firstly understands the reasons and the scale of the enterprise from a cost point of view Small, and then through the analysis of asset-specific features, in essence, to solve the problem of enterprise size. New Institutional Economics holds that assets have five kinds of specialization: geographical specificity, physical specificity, labor-specific, user-specific and goodwill-specific. Enterprises with strong asset specificity are willing to build “aircraft carriers” while those with weaker assets are more likely to want to “lose weight”. This is by no means an empty theoretical deduction, and the fieldwork by the author of this article well validates this view.