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企业国际化是我国沿海开放经济发展的必然趋势,选择恰当的企业国际化组织形式,是保证我国开放经济顺利发展的关键之一。一、外国企业国际化模式的比较与启示企业国际化的发展是当代世界各国在开放经济中生产力和生产关系日益国际化的结果。世界产业革命后,国际分工的最初阶段是以商品交换为基础,其特征是商品国际化。进入20世纪,国际分工转以资本输出为主要基础,其特征是资本国际化。第二次世界大战后,国际分工进入以直接投资的生产协作为基础的阶段,其特征是生产国际化。生产国际化不仅使生产力要素(土地、资源、资金、科学技术、劳动力、信息等)实现了国际化,而且使工农业生产和第三产业的社会再生产过程及其组织形式实现了国际化,从而使生产关系的具体形式也实现了国际化。企业国际化正是在这样的历史条件下产生和发展的。目前在世界经济中企业国际化的主导模式有两种:一种是跨国公司;另一种是综合商
The internationalization of enterprises is an inevitable trend for the development of China’s coastal open economy. Choosing the right form of international organization of enterprises is one of the keys to ensuring the smooth development of China’s open economy. I. Comparison and Enlightenment of Internationalization Models of Foreign Enterprises The development of the internationalization of enterprises is the result of the increasingly internationalization of productive forces and production relations in the open economies of all countries in the contemporary world. After the world industrial revolution, the initial stage of the international division of labor was based on the exchange of commodities, which was characterized by the internationalization of commodities. In the 20th century, the international division of labor was converted to capital output as the main basis, characterized by the internationalization of capital. After the Second World War, the international division of labor entered the phase of production cooperation based on direct investment, characterized by internationalization of production. The internationalization of production not only enables the internationalization of productivity factors (land, resources, capital, science, technology, labor, information, etc.), but also internationalizes the process of industrial and agricultural production and the social reproduction of the tertiary industry and its organizational form. The specific form of production relations has also been internationalized. It is precisely under such historical conditions that the internationalization of enterprises has emerged and developed. There are two dominant modes of internationalization of enterprises in the world economy: one is multinational corporations; the other is integrated commerce.