大自然慷慨地供应給我们的气态、液态及同态的烃类。天然气、石油、矿蜡、松節油和天然橡膠等的主要組分是烃类。石油的熱加工产物——热裂气体和熱裂汽油——也是烃类的混合物。烃的个别代表物:苯、甲苯、萘、乙炔等,也是大家知道的。“碳氢化合物”这一名称的本身即表明在这些有机化合物的分子中含有两种元素——碳(C)及氢(H)。碳原子彼此相联(单键、双键或叁键)成链,链因碳原子的数目以及链的形式而不同,炼有开链的(直链或叉链的)或关闭成环的。按照链的结构可以分为下列 Nature generously supplies our gaseous, liquid and homologous hydrocarbons. The main components of natural gas, petroleum, mineral wax, turpentine and natural rubber are hydrocarbons. Thermal processed products of petroleum - pyrogen gas and pyrolysis gasoline - are also mixtures of hydrocarbons. Individual representatives of hydrocarbons: benzene, toluene, naphthalene, acetylene, but also we all know. The name “hydrocarbon” by itself indicates that two organic elements, carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), are contained in the molecules of these organic compounds. The carbon atoms are linked to each other (single, double or triple bonds), the chains differ depending on the number of carbon atoms and on the form of the chain, either open-chain (linear or branched) or closed-loop. According to the structure of the chain can be divided into the following