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目的了解佛山市南海城乡结合地区7~17岁学龄期未成年人超重肥胖现状,分析其相关因素,为进一步改善儿童青少年的健康状况提供依据。方法 2013年9—12月采用分层随机抽样的方法,随机抽取447名7~17岁学龄期未成年人,采用统一表格由经过培训合格的医务人员进行面对面问卷调查和体格检查,问卷调查包括个人一般情况、生活饮食行为习惯、父母双方超重肥胖情况、同学关系、遇到挫折或情绪波动时的反应及对肥胖危害的认识等;体格检查主要是测量身高、体重。超重肥胖标准按《中国学龄儿童青少年BMI超重、肥胖筛查分类标准》评定标准进行统计。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果佛山市南海城乡结合地区7~17岁学龄期未成年人总超重率为9.4%,总肥胖率为2.91%,其中男性超重率为11.25%,肥胖率为4.17%,女性超重率为7.25%,肥胖率为1.45%,男性超重肥胖率均高于女性。相关因素分析发现学龄期未成年人超重肥胖患病率与其生活饮食行为习惯(食欲好、贪睡、贪食、吃零食多及缺乏体育锻炼)、遗传因素(父母双方中有一方患有超重肥胖症)及社会心理因素(遇到挫折或情绪波动时不愿意向家长或朋友诉说、认为超重肥胖对健康危害大)有关(均P<0.05)。结论本地区学龄期未成年人超重肥胖率与国内其它地区相比虽不高,但家长和学校部门仍需引起注意,及时采取措施调整儿童青少年饮食结构,改变不良行为方式,防止学龄期未成年人超重肥胖的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age children aged 7-17 years in the urban-rural area of Nanhai, Foshan, and to analyze the related factors so as to provide evidences for further improving the health status of children and adolescents. Methods From September to December in 2013, stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 447 school-aged minors aged 7 to 17 years. Face-to-face questionnaires and physical examinations were conducted by trained medical staff using a unified form. The questionnaire survey included Personal general, living and eating behaviors, overweight and obesity in both parents, the relationship between students, the reaction to setbacks or mood swings, and the understanding of the dangers of obesity. Physical examination mainly measures height and weight. Overweight and obesity standards According to “China’s school-age children and adolescents BMI overweight, obesity screening classification criteria” assessment criteria for statistics. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The total overweight rate of juveniles aged 7-17 years old in urban and rural areas in Nanhai city was 9.4% and the total obesity rate was 2.91%. The male overweight rate was 11.25%, the obesity rate was 4.17% and the female overweight rate was 7.25% , Obesity rate was 1.45%, overweight and obesity rates in males were higher than females. Correlation analysis revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age minors was significantly related to their dietary habits (good appetite, snooze, bulimia, snacking and lack of physical activity), genetic factors (one in both parents had overweight and obesity (Both P <0.05) and psychosocial factors (unwilling to tell parents or friends in the event of setbacks or mood swings that the risk of overweight and obesity is large). Conclusion Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged minors in our region is not high compared with other regions in China, parents and school departments still need to pay attention to timely measures to adjust the diet of children and adolescents, and to change the way of bad behavior so as to prevent underage Overweight and obesity occurs.