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烃基硼烷在有机合成中的应用日益广泛,发展极为迅速。特别是烷基硼烷(RBH_2,RBH,R_3B)可极其方便地通过硼氢化反应制得,已成为有机合成的重要中间体。目前已发现它可以进行多种新型的有机反应,而且这些反应都具有反应条件缓和、操作简便、产率较高等优点。提供了数十种极有价值的新合成方法,广泛用于碳氢键、碳氧键、碳卤键、碳氮键、碳碳键的形成。更突出的是这些反应都具有极好的立体选择性,特别适用于许多天然产物如甾族化合物、萜类化合物和激素的立体合成。烷基硼烷在合成中的广泛应用,正在蓬勃发展,并已逐渐应用到有机合成工业生产中。本文仅就近年来的进展作一综述。
Hydrocarbyl boranes in organic synthesis is increasingly widespread, the development is extremely rapid. In particular, alkyl boranes (RBH_2, RBH, R_3B) can be obtained by hydroboration very conveniently and have become important intermediates for organic synthesis. It has been found that it can carry out a variety of new organic reactions, and these reactions have the advantages of ease of reaction conditions, easy operation, high yield and so on. Dozens of extremely valuable new synthesis methods are provided and are widely used for the formation of carbon-hydrogen bonds, carbon-oxygen bonds, carbon-halogen bonds, carbon-nitrogen bonds, and carbon-carbon bonds. What is even more outstanding is that these reactions have excellent stereoselectivity and are especially suitable for the stereosynthesis of many natural products such as steroids, terpenoids and hormones. Alkyl boranes in the synthesis of a wide range of applications, is booming, and has been gradually applied to the organic synthesis of industrial production. This article reviews only the progress made in recent years.