“解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。”这是邓小平同志对社会主义本质的科学界定。其伟大深邃之处,不仅在于它科学地回答了“什么是社会主义”这一困扰当代共产党人的重大理论课题,为社会主义建设指明了正确方向,而且在于它凝结着极为丰富和深刻的马克思主义哲学意蕴,为我们树立了坚持和运用无产阶级世界观和方法论考察现实社会主义的光辉典范。 一、邓小平的社会主义本质论是坚持解放思想、 实事求是的光辉结晶 自《共产党宣言》发表以来,科学社会主义经历了一个由理论到实践,由一国实践到多国实践的不断发展过程,向人类展示了自身强大的生命力和优越性。但是,进入本世纪中叶,几乎所有走上社会主义道路的国家都经历了重大挫折,特别是东欧剧变和苏联解体,使实践中的社会主义在世界范围内跌入低谷。严峻的现实给不少人带来迷惘与困惑,更给当代中国共产党人提出了“什么是社会主义”、“怎样建设社会主义”的时代课题。能否正确回答这一时代课题,关键在于能否科学地认识和把握社会主义本质这一重大理论课题。 围绕“什么是社会主义”的重大理论课题,以邓小平同志为代表的中国共产党人对70多年现实社会主义的坎坷历程,尤其是对我国社会主义建设的历史经验与教训进 “Emancipate the productive forces, develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization and finally achieve common prosperity.” This is a scientific definition of the nature of socialism by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. Its great depth lies not only in its scientific answer to the question of what is socialism, a major theoretical issue disturbing the contemporary communists, pointing out the correct direction for socialist construction, but also because it condenses the extremely rich and profound Marxism The philosophical implication of doctrine has given us a brilliant example of insisting on and using the proletarian world outlook and methodology to examine the actual socialism. I. Deng Xiaoping’s Essence of Socialism is the Brilliant Crystal of Emancipating the Mind and Seeking Truth from Facts Since the publication of the Communist Manifesto, scientific socialism has undergone a continuous process of development from theory to practice and from practice of one country to practice of many nations, Demonstrated its own strong vitality and superiority. However, entering the middle of this century, almost all countries embarking on the road to socialism have experienced major setbacks, especially the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which have brought socialism in practice to a downturn in the world. The harsh reality has brought confusion and confusion to many people. It has also brought contemporary Chinese leaders the question of what is socialism and how to build socialism. The key to correctly answering this issue of the times lies in whether we can scientifically understand and grasp the major theoretical issue of the nature of socialism. Focusing on the major theoretical issue of “what is socialism,” the Chinese Communists represented by Comrade Deng Xiaoping analyzed the ups and downs of 70 years of realistic socialism, especially the historical experience and lessons learned from the socialist construction in China