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风荷载的计算不仅直接关系到风能的开发利用,而且对海洋工程构筑物的设计标准亦有重大影响。文中以渤海为例,提出了一种风荷载的概率模型。该模型综合考虑了海上风速、风载因子(相对风速之平方)及各种风荷载参数(体形系数、高度系数、大气重度及风向)的随机变化,并分别估算了它们的概率分布类型。在此基础上根据随机变量乘积的分布导出风荷载的分布,为了便于使用,已将计算结果绘制成诺模图,故文中建议的风荷载概率模型可适用于各种类型的海上工程建筑物及不同风况的广大海域,并能直接应用于现代工程结构物的可靠性分析或与波、流、水位等其它环境荷载进一步随机组合。
The calculation of wind load is not only directly related to the development and utilization of wind energy, but also has a significant impact on the design standards of offshore structures. Taking Bohai Sea as an example, a probability model of wind load is proposed. The model takes into account random variations of wind speed, wind load factor (square of relative wind speed) and various wind load parameters (body shape coefficient, altitude coefficient, atmospheric gravity and wind direction) and estimates their probability distribution types. Based on this, the distribution of wind load is derived according to the distribution of product of random variables. For the sake of convenience, the calculation result has been drawn as a nomogram. Therefore, the proposed wind load probability model can be applied to all types of offshore structures and Different wind conditions of the vast sea, and can be directly applied to the reliability analysis of modern engineering structures or with wave, flow, water level and other environmental loads further random combination.