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目的了解番禺区企业员工心理健康状况及其人口学、社会学特征方面的影响因素,为企业员工的心理健康促进工作提供依据及建议。方法应用自测健康量表中的心理健康子量表对正向情绪、心理症状与负向情绪和认知功能3方面进行评价,采取分层抽样确定番禺区16～59岁的企业员工,在调查员现场指导下集中进行问卷自测调查。结果共发放调查问卷832份,回收问卷832份,有效问卷831份,有效率为99.88%。调查对象男女性别比例为0.85∶1;平均年龄为(32.35±9.29)岁;以一线员工为主,占66.9%(556/831);已婚占68.0%(565/831),国营企业、外资企业与私营企业员工所占比例分别是20.9%(174/831)、63.5%(528/831)和15.5%(129/831)。正向情绪、心理症状与负向情绪、认知功能和总体自测心理健康平均得分(中位数)分别是41.00、46.00、22.70和107.00分(满分分别为50、70、30和150分)。不同性别、收入、婚姻状况、企业类型组在正向情绪、心理症状与负向情绪、认知功能和总体自测心理健康得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论番禺区部分企业员工正向情绪、认知功能和总体自测心理健康得分较高,心理症状和负向情绪相对低些。性别、收入水平、不同企业类型和婚姻状况均对企业员工心理健康有不同程度的影响。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of mental health status, demography and sociological characteristics of employees in Panyu District, and to provide basis and suggestion for employees’ mental health promotion. Methods The mental health sub-scale in self-rated health scale was used to evaluate the positive emotion, psychological symptoms and negative emotion and cognitive function. The stratified sampling was used to identify the 16- to 59-year-old employees in Panyu District. Investigators on the spot under the guidance of self-monitoring questionnaire survey. Results A total of 832 questionnaires were sent out, 832 questionnaires were collected and 831 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective rate was 99.88%. The average age was (32.35 ± 9.29) years old; the majority of front-line workers accounted for 66.9% (556/831); married accounted for 68.0% (565/831); the state-owned enterprises and foreign investment The share of employees in the corporate and private sector was 20.9% (174/831), 63.5% (528/831) and 15.5% (129/831), respectively. The average scores of positive emotions, psychological symptoms and negative emotions, cognitive function and overall self-assessment mental health (median) were 41.00, 46.00, 22.70 and 107.00 respectively (out of 50, 70, 30 and 150 points, respectively) . There was significant difference between positive emotion, psychological symptom and negative emotion, cognitive function and total self-assessment mental health score in different genders, income, marital status and enterprise type group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion Some employees in Panyu District had higher score of positive emotion, cognitive function and general self-assessment mental health, and their psychological symptoms and negative emotions were relatively lower. Gender, income level, different types of enterprises and marital status all have varying degrees of impact on employees’ mental health.