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世界上第一张永久性的照片是法国工程师尼斯(Niepce)在160年前拍摄的。他在白银板上涂以沥青,经长时间曝光的沥青在熏衣草油和矿泉水的混合液中会固化,而感光板上曝光少的部分仍是可溶的,可以被洗去,这样就留下了一个永久性的图像。这个方法正是现代光致抗蚀法的原型。现代精密微电子芯片都是用这种方法生产的。尽管曝光时间长达8小时,记录的信息仍很少,几年后尼斯与达盖尔(Louis Daguerre)合作发明了达盖尔照相板,这是世界上第一个可供实用的摄影方法。曝光时间缩短到30分,
The world’s first permanent photo was taken by French engineer Niepce 160 years ago. He painted asphalt on a silver plate, and the long-exposed bitumen solidified in a mixture of lavender oil and mineral water. The less exposed part of the plate was still soluble and could be washed away Left a permanent image. This method is the prototype of modern photolithography. Modern precision microelectronic chips are produced in this way. Despite the fact that exposure took up to eight hours and recorded little information, a few years later Nice and Daguerre invented the Dagel Photoboard, the world’s first practical photographic method. Exposure time is shortened to 30 minutes,