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一、引言1978年,美国批评家鲁克尔特首次提出“生态批评”(Ecoeriticism)这个术语,提倡将文学与生态学结合起来,强调批评家必须具有生态学视野“[1]。1996年,第一本生态文学论文集《生态批评读本》出版,这一著作被公认为生态批评的入门首选。1998年,《书写环境:生态批评和文学》在伦敦出版,这是英国第一本生态批评论文集。同年,ASLE第一次大会会议论文集也正式出版,书名为《阅读大地:文学与环境研究的新走向》。这些代表性作品极大地推动了生态批评的迅猛发展和逐渐成熟。1999年至今,美国生态批评进入了新的发展阶段,
I. Introduction In 1978, American critic Roquett first proposed the term ”ecological criticism“ (Ecoeriticism), which advocated a combination of literature and ecology, emphasizing that critics must have an ecological perspective. ” In 1996, the first ecologically literary anthology “Ecological Criticism Reader” was published, which is regarded as the first choice for ecological criticism.In 1998, “Writing Environment: Ecocriticism and Literature” was published in London, which is the first in Britain In the same year, the proceedings of the first conference of ASLE were formally published, titled “Reading the Earth: A New Trend of Literature and Environmental Studies.” These representative works have greatly promoted the rapid development of ecological criticism and Gradually matured since 1999, the United States ecological criticism has entered a new stage of development,