规划问题是最优化方法中的重要部分。它有许多分枝,如:线性规划、非线性规划、动态规划、整数规划、组合规划、多目标规划、总体极值以及随机规划等。规划问题在军事、经济、管理、生产过程自动化等方面都有应用,并已取得了显著的效果。和其他任何科学一样,规划问题是人类生产实践的产物。线性规划理论发源于生产组织和物资调运问题,在规划问题中,它的研究最早、发展较快、应用亦较广,是比较成熟的一个分枝。随着实践需要,出现了非线性规划、动态规划及其他规划问题。近年来在应用非线性规划和动态规划解决设计优化方面取得了成绩。规划问题所考虑的“活 Planning issues are an important part of the optimization method. It has many branches, such as linear programming, nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, integer programming, combination programming, multi-objective programming, global extremum, and stochastic programming. Planning issues have applications in military, economic, management, and automation of production processes, and have achieved remarkable results. As with any other science, planning issues are the product of human production practices. The theory of linear programming originated from the issue of production organization and material transfer. Among the planning problems, it was the earliest research, rapid development, and wide application. It was a mature branch. With practical needs, nonlinear planning, dynamic programming and other planning problems have emerged. In recent years, achievements have been made in applying nonlinear planning and dynamic programming to solve design optimization. Planning issues considered "live