一90年代,比较文学扩张为文化研究之初引起过不少学者的惊呼。照Jonathan Culler的说法,如果按文化研究的路子发展下去,“比较文学的学科范围将会大得无所不包”。“显然,当一个学科发展到几乎‘无所不包’之时,它也就在这无所不包之中泯灭了自身。既然什么都是比较文学,那比较文学就什么都不是。”实际上,使比较文学“什么都不是”的远不只是研究对象上的无所不包。比如,首先,它在知识类型上便早已经丧失了规约。读比较文学,一个最使人困惑的问题是,面对那些五花八门、样貌各异的文章,你不知道该归入哪一个知识门类:田野报告、知识考古、文化寻踪、文本考释、美学分析、理论思辩、经验阐释、符号解读、印象批评、个案调查——所有这些都能归入比较文学且出现在同一本比较文学的会议论文集中。这样,你就的确搞不 In the 1990s, the expansion of comparative literature as the beginning of cultural studies aroused many scholars’ exclamations. According to Jonathan Culler, “if we follow the path of cultural studies,” the scope of comparative literature will be vastly wider. “ ”Obviously, when a discipline develops to almost ’all-encompassing’, it also obliterates itself in this all-encompassing.While everything is comparative literature, then comparative literature is nothing. “In fact, making comparative literature” nothing "is far more than just an all-encompassing research object. For example, first, it has already lost its statute on the type of knowledge. One of the most confusing questions about comparative literature is that you do not know which category to include in a wide variety of articles: field reports, intellectual archeology, cultural tracing, textual interpretation, aesthetics Analysis, theoretical speculation, empirical interpretation, interpretation of symbols, impressions of criticism, case studies - all of which can be classified as comparative literature and appear in the proceedings of the same comparative literature. In this way, you really do not