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为探讨不同播种期对农牧交错带豌豆生长发育、产量形成和水分利用效率的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,分析了内蒙古武川地区豌豆在2010年4月28日、5月8日、5月18日、5月28日和6月8日5个播期下生育期、形态指标、产量形成和水分利用效率的变化情况。结果表明:1)6月份之前播种,播种期对豌豆全生育期日数无明显影响(120～122d);但随播期推迟,营养生长期延长,生殖生长期缩短,生殖生长期在整个生育期中所占比例减小,4月28日播期最高为40%,6月8日播期最低为22%;2)随播期推迟,豌豆株高和叶面积增长迅速,营养生长前期水热充沛可缓解后期水热资源不足,地上部干物质在8月中旬后迅速积累,5月18日及其后播种的豌豆茎、叶所占比例分别达到51%和45%;3)随播期推迟(6月份之前),豌豆植株含水率、产量和水分利用效率提高,4月28日和5月28日播种的豌豆植株含水率、鲜草产量和干草产量分别为61.7%,1 280和490kg/hm2及77.0%,2 700和760kg/hm2。但播期推迟到6月8日,豌豆鲜草和干草产量比5月28日播种的分别下降200和190kg/hm2,干草水分利用效率下降为2.69kg/(hm2.mm)。建议农牧交错带豌豆适宜播种期安排在5月下旬,产量和植株含水量可得到双效提升,以充分发挥其绿肥作物的优良特性。
In order to investigate the effects of different sowing dates on the growth and development, yield formation and water use efficiency of pea in the ecotone of agriculture and pasture, randomized block design was used to analyze the effects of pea in Wuchuan area of Inner Mongolia on April 28, May 8, May 5, Month 18, May 28 and June 8 five sowing date under the growth period, morphological indicators, yield formation and water use efficiency changes. The results showed that: 1) Before sowing in June, the sowing date had no significant effect on the number of days of pea growing (120 ~ 122d); however, with the sowing date delayed, the vegetative growth period was prolonged and the reproductive growth period was shortened. During the reproductive growth period The proportion decreased, April 28, the highest sowing date of 40%, June 8, the minimum sowing date of 22%; 2) postponed with the sowing date, pea plant height and leaf area increased rapidly, pre-vegetative water and heat Which could alleviate the shortage of water and heat resources in the later period. The dry matter of shoots rapidly accumulated after mid-August. The proportion of stems and leaves of pea sown on May 18 and thereafter reached 51% and 45%, respectively. 3) The postponed (Before June), pea plant moisture content, yield and water use efficiency increased, April 28 and May 28 sowing pea plant moisture content, fresh grass yield and hay production were 61.7%, 1280 and 490kg / hm2 and 77.0%, 2 700 and 760 kg / hm2. However, the sowing date was postponed till June 8, and the fresh pea grass and hay yield decreased by 200 and 190 kg / ha respectively than that of May 28. The hay water use efficiency decreased to 2.69 kg / (hm2.mm). It is suggested that the suitable seeding period of peas in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry should be arranged in the late May, and the yield and the water content of the plants can be double-effect promoted to give full play to the excellent characteristics of the green manure crops.