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目的分析西安市病毒性肝炎发病动态,为制订防制措施提供依据。方法疫情资料来自1990～2007年疫情年报、专题调查和分析。应用趋势检验、周期性检验和χ2检验等方法处理数据,并进行流行病学分析。结果1990年实施分型报告,1990～2007年累计报告病例199 988例,构成以乙型为主共计141 492例(70.75%),χ2检验各年不同型别间构成可见显著差异(P<0.001)。乙型肝炎不同年度间构成亦可见显著差异(P<0.001)。18年间可见较明显的3个发病高峰,高峰周期分别为3～6年,周期性检验差异有显著性(P<0.01)。乙型肝炎发病率呈明显波动上升趋势,游程检验有显著差异(P<0.01)。不同年代季节分布差异显著(P<0.001)。结论流行动态表明,乙型肝炎仍是重点控制传染病,加强疫苗接种,提高监测质量是目前主要措施。
Objective To analyze the incidence of viral hepatitis in Xi’an and provide evidence for the development of control measures. Methods The data of epidemic situation came from the annual report of epidemic situation from 1990 to 2007, the special investigation and analysis. The data were processed by trend test, periodic test and χ2 test, and analyzed by epidemiology. Results A total of 199 988 cases were reported from 1990 to 2007, accounting for 141 492 cases (70.75%) mainly based on type B. The χ2 test showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.001 ). Significant differences were also found in the composition of hepatitis B between years (P <0.001). In the 18 years, the most obvious three peak incidences were observed, with the peak periods of 3 to 6 years respectively. The difference of periodic test was significant (P <0.01). The incidence of hepatitis B showed a significant upward trend of fluctuation, run-length test was significantly different (P <0.01). The distribution of seasons in different years was significantly different (P <0.001). Conclusions The epidemic shows that hepatitis B is still the key infectious disease control. Strengthening vaccination and improving monitoring quality are the main measures at present.