综述了水果和蔬菜的生物力学.简要叙述了收获、加工、贮藏、包装和运输过程中产生力学损伤的来源. 对农产品装卸和运输的环境作了概述,进而介绍了包括卡车、火车、船舶、运货飞机等各种运输工具中的包装模型. 定量确定了在贮藏、装卸和运输等过程中静态和动态载荷下的保护质量即装运箱的强度。 水果和蔬菜在准静态和动态载荷下的力学响应,都用非线性流变模型作了表述,从而确定了依赖于时间和变形的松弛模量.利用确定非线性控制方程中的参数的试验方法,建立了水果和蔬菜的模型跟实物之间的符合实际的关系. 以非线性松弛模量为基础,对于静态挤压、瞬态和振动载荷的情况,以及对于同时进行静态加载和动态加载的情况,利用接触圆直径、损伤深度和接触压力的方程组,定量确定了水果和蔬菜的力学损伤.每个水果最大数目接触点上的载荷分布,跟农产品包装的几何形状有关. 介绍了对农产品包装试验的冲击损伤边界法(Shock Damage Boundary Tech-niques)的应用,同时介绍了比较两种包装苹果型式的保护质量的一个研究实例. 介绍了用“损伤指数(Bruise Index)”直接检验水果的定量确定农产品损伤的方法,包括比较装运试验中三种包装苹果型式的保护质量的一个实际例子. 还简要讨论了以受损水果和完好水果之间的重量损失及散? The biomechanics of fruits and vegetables are reviewed. The sources of mechanical damage during harvesting, processing, storage, packaging, and transportation are briefly described. The environment for loading, unloading and transportation of agricultural products is summarized, and the introduction of trucks, trains, ships, The packaging model in various transportation tools such as cargo planes quantitatively determines the protection quality under the static and dynamic loads during storage, loading, unloading and transportation, ie the strength of the shipping container. The mechanical responses of fruits and vegetables under quasi-static and dynamic loads are described using nonlinear rheological models to determine relaxation moduli that depend on time and deformation. Test methods to determine parameters in nonlinear equations of motion are used. Establishes a realistic relationship between fruit and vegetable models and objects. Based on nonlinear relaxation moduli, for static extrusion, transient and vibratory loads, and for simultaneous static loading and dynamic loading. In the situation, the equations of contact circle diameter, depth of damage and contact pressure were used to quantitatively determine the mechanical damage of fruits and vegetables. The load distribution at the maximum number of contact points for each fruit was related to the geometric shape of the agricultural product packaging. The application of the Shock Damage Boundary Techniques in the packaging test, together with an example of a study comparing the quality of protection of two types of packaged apples, describes the use of the “Bruise Index” to directly test fruit. Quantitative methods for determining damage to agricultural products, including comparison of the quality of protection of three types of packaged apple in shipment tests A practical example. We also briefly discussed the weight loss and dispersion between damaged fruits and intact fruits.