广东的乡镇企业,在改革、开放的十多年里,为什么发展速度快、经济效益和社会效益比较高?一个重要的原因是建立了一套适应市场竞争、富有生机活力的经营机制。概括起来说,就是自主经营、自负盈亏、自我积累、自我发展、自我约束的经营机制。乡镇企业从诞生之日起就与市场经济有密切的联系。它的产、供、销基本上未纳入国家指令性计划,主要依靠市场调节。它以市场为导向,积极参与市场竞争,按照市场机制运行。可以说,它本身就是市场经济的产物。但在开始阶段,它也模仿了国营企业的许多做法。因此,随着整个经济的变革:它也有一个改革的过程。 70年代末、80年代初,珠江三角洲在改革人民公社体制和农产品统派购体制的同时,率先对乡镇企业进行了八个方面的改革:(1)改全公社(现乡镇)、全大队(现管理区或村)统一核算、统负盈亏 For township and village enterprises in Guangdong, in the more than ten years of reform and opening up, why has the development speed, economic benefits, and social benefits been relatively high? An important reason is the establishment of a set of business mechanisms that adapt to market competition and are full of vitality. To sum up, it is the operating mechanism of self-management, self-financing, self-accumulation, self-development, and self-restraint. Township enterprises have a close relationship with the market economy from the date of birth. Its production, supply, and sales have not basically been incorporated into the national directive plan, mainly relying on market regulation. It is market-oriented, actively participates in market competition, and operates according to market mechanisms. It can be said that it is itself a product of a market economy. But at the beginning, it also imitated many practices of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, with the transformation of the entire economy: it also has a process of reform. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Pearl River Delta took the lead in reforming the township enterprises in eight areas while reforming the people’s communes system and the system of unified distribution of agricultural products: (1) Reform of the entire communes (now townships) and the entire brigade ( The current management area or village) unified accounting, unified negative profit and loss