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S100B是中枢神经系统特异性生物蛋白，正常情况下极少存在于血液、脑脊液或尿液中；病理情况下（如颅脑损伤、儿童缺氧等）神经细胞的损伤或凋亡可以使细胞内的S100B释放出来，血液、脑脊液或尿液中 S100B水平就会发生相应的变化。尽管 S100B水平可以受多种因素影响，但就目前大部分研究来看，通过检测一定时间段内S100 B水平的变化，可以使临床工作者预测颅脑损伤病情变化、预后及其继发性损伤。该文就S100B近几年来的相关研究进展予以综述。“,”S100B is a specific biological protein of the central nervous system.Under normal circum-stances,rarely found in the blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid.Pathological conditions,such as traumatic brain injury,neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,can make the nerve cells release intracellular S100B,blood, cerebrospinal fluid and the level of S100B in urine will change accordingly.Although S100B levels can be affected by many factors,however,at present the most research,by detecting the S100B concentration of blood,cerebrospinal fluid and urine within a certain period of time,clinical work-ers can predict the severity of TBI,prognosis and secondary injury.This article reviews the related studies of S100B in recent years.