抽穗期是水稻品种的重要农艺性状之一,对抽穗期QTL进行定位并研究其遗传效应在水稻育种中是至关重要的。本研究利用以6个水稻品种为供体的52个单片段代换系为试验材料,通过t测验比较单片段代换系与受体亲本华粳籼74之间抽穗期的差异,对代换片段上的抽穗期QTL进行了鉴定。以P≤0.001为阈值共鉴定出20个抽穗期QTL,这些QTL分布于水稻的10条染色体。QTL加性效应值为–5.9～1.1,加性效应百分率为–7.4%～1.4%。有8个QTL被定位在小于10.0cM的区段内。利用1个单片段代换系与华粳籼74杂交发展的F2群体对qHD-3-1进行了定位。在作图群体中,早抽穗和迟抽穗植株数符合3:1的分离比,早抽穗表现为显性。利用微卫星标记将qHD-3-1定位于3号染色体短臂,PSM304和RM569分别位于其两侧,遗传距离分别为2.4cM和5.1cM。 Heading date is one of the important agronomic traits of rice varieties. It is very important to locate QTLs at heading and to study their genetic effects in rice breeding. In this study, 52 single-leaf substitution lines with 6 rice varieties as donors were used as experimental materials to compare the differences of heading date between single-line substitution lines and recipient parent Huajingxian 74 by t test. Heading QTLs were identified on the fragment. A total of 20 heading date QTLs were identified with P≤0.001 as the threshold value. These QTLs were located in 10 rice chromosomes. QTL additive effect value of -5.9 to 1.1, additive effect percentage of -7.4% to 1.4%. Eight QTLs were located in the section less than 10.0 cM. QHD-3-1 was mapped using a F2 population developed by crossing a single segmental substitution line with Huajingxian 74. In the mapping population, the number of early heading and late heading plants was in accordance with 3: 1 segregation ratio, early heading showed dominant. Using microsatellite markers, qHD-3-1 was located on the short arm of chromosome 3, with PSM304 and RM569 located on the two sides of the chromosome respectively, with genetic distances of 2.4cM and 5.1cM, respectively.