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对杉木优良种源、１代种子园、１．５代种子园、２代种子园和优良家系的种子千粒重、涩粒率、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等品质的遗传改良进行了系统研究，并估算了遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明，约有６０％以上良种的种子品质有不同程度的提高，其中涩粒率和千粒重改良程度较大。良种种子品质的差异和遗传增益的变化，在选育层次之间，没有一定的变化趋势，并不随选育层次的提高而提高。不同种子园之间同一家系的种子品质差异极显著。种子性状遗传力大小次序是：千粒重＞涩粒率＞发芽率＞发芽指数＞活力指数。对杉木良种种子品质评价，不应以选育层次的高低论“优良”，而应以遗传改良实际进展为依据。对优良家系选择，要考虑其所在的不同种子园之间的差异。
A systematic study was conducted on the genetic improvement of seed quality, such as 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of superior provenances, first-generation seed orchards, first-generation seed orchards, second-generation seed orchards and fine families , And estimated heritability and genetic gain. The results showed that about 60% of the seed quality of seeds improved to varying degrees, of which astringent grain weight and grain weight improved significantly. The differences of seed quality and genetic gain of elite seeds did not change trend among the different breeding levels, and did not increase with the improvement of breeding level. The differences in the seed quality of the same line between different seed orchards were significant. The order of heritability of seed traits was: 1000-grain weight> astringent grain rate> germination rate> germination index> vigor index. The evaluation of the seed quality of Chinese fir seed should not be based on the level of breeding, but should be based on the actual progress of genetic improvement. For good family selection, consider the differences between the different seed orchards where they are located.