一前言转换语法的成功,多得益于高水平的理想化。它假设出现实中不可能有的同等社会的理想的说话者和听话者,提出以究明这种说话者的语言能力为目标,编写出了今天成为语言学常识的语法体系。另一方面,社会语言学则是采用与转换语法相反的方法成长起来的学科。其近来惊人的发展,甚至使得Hymes、Labov 和 Halliday 等语言学家认 A preface The success of conversion grammar, thanks to a high level of idealization. It assumes that ideal speakers and hearers of equal societies that are impossible in reality propose to write a grammatical system that today becomes linguistic common sense, with the goal of demonstrating the linguistic capabilities of such speakers. On the other hand, sociolinguistics is a subject that has grown up in the opposite of the conversion grammar. Its recent staggering developments have even led linguists like Hymes, Labov and Halliday to recognize it