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目的了解医院住院患者医院感染现状及存在问题,为有效预防和控制医院感染、规范抗菌药物使用提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对2012年12月20日所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,计数资料采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计与分析。结果现患率调查住院患者应查1 857例,实查1 856例,实查率99.95%,医院感染现患率为7.17%,例次感染率为8.24%;科室感染率最高的为重症医学科、血液科和心血管儿科,分别为36.07%、27.27%和24.66%;下呼吸道感染是医院感染的主要部位;133例医院感染病例中送检率为77.44%,检出病原菌以铜绿假单胞菌、白色假丝酵母菌为主,各占12.0%;医院感染病例易感因素排前3位的依次为泌尿道插管、肿瘤、使用抗菌药物;抗菌药物使用率为42.76%,其中治疗用药占62.09%,预防性用药占33.88%。结论应继续加强重点部门的监测,减少侵入性操作,严格实施隔离措施,降低医院感染的发生。
Objective To understand the current status and existing problems of nosocomial inpatients with nosocomial infections in hospitals and provide evidence for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections and standardization of antimicrobials. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in all inpatients on December 20, 2012. The count data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software. Results The prevalence rate survey of hospitalized patients should check 1 857 cases, 1 856 cases were investigated, the actual examination rate was 99.95%, the prevalence rate of hospital infection was 7.17%, and the infection rate was 8.24%. The department infection rate was the highest among all the major medical departments, Hematology and cardiovascular pediatrics were 36.07%, 27.27% and 24.66% respectively. The lower respiratory tract infection was the main site of nosocomial infection. In 133 cases of nosocomial infection, the detection rate was 77.44% .Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Candida albicans, each accounting for 12.0%; the top three of the predisposing factors of nosocomial infections were urinary intubation, tumor and antibacterial drugs; the usage of antibacterials was 42.76% 62.09%, preventive medicine accounted for 33.88%. Conclusion We should continue to strengthen the monitoring of key departments, reduce invasive operations, strictly implement isolation measures and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.