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纳米材料广泛应用在光照疗法、光声成像、癌症的早期诊断、药物转运和组织工程学等领域,通过应用或无意释放的形式进入植物、动物、人体和生态环境,带来了潜在的环境和人类健康风险.在纳米材料广泛应用或释放到环境之前,亟需探索降低其生物毒性的方法和机理.本文通过对纳米颗粒的物理化学属性,包括尺寸、纯度、表面性质(表面电荷、亲疏水性和表面修饰)以及纳米材料与细胞相互作用的环境条件,包括暴露剂量、暴露时间、反应/作用介质等的调整来探讨降低纳米毒性的方法.同时从细胞及亚细胞结构的生理生化损伤、氧化应激、基因、蛋白质和代谢5个方面来阐述纳米颗粒产生毒性及降低其毒性的途径、机理,并对今后降低纳米毒性的相关研究进行展望.
Nano-materials are widely used in the fields of phototherapy, photoacoustic imaging, early diagnosis of cancer, drug transport and tissue engineering, and have potential applications in the form of plants, animals, humans and the environment through the application or unintentional release Human Health Risk Before the nanomaterials are widely used or released into the environment, it is urgent to explore the methods and mechanisms to reduce their biotoxicity.Through the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, purity, surface properties (surface charge, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity And surface modification) as well as the environmental conditions for the interaction of nanomaterials with cells, including the adjustment of exposure dose, exposure time, reaction / action medium, etc. Methods to reduce the toxicity of nanomaterials are also discussed from the physiological and biochemical damage of cells and subcellular structures, Stress, gene, protein and metabolism of five aspects to explain the toxicity and reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles pathway, mechanism, and future research to reduce the toxicity of nanotechnology prospects.